If the default gateway router does not have an interface on the same subnet as the destination host then it will do one of two things. 4 - Aspects and Pillars of Cyber SecurityThe packet will have the destination IP address & MAC of the destination host. The MAC address is the address of the next 'hop' that needs to be done, it is the address of the next step in the chain and changes each time it gets to the next destination.The router replies with its MAC address, and the device uses this as the destination address for the Ethernet frame in which it has encapsulated the IP packet. The IP address is the final destination of the machine or network the data needs to go to, which helps the routing software find the next MAC address.Here, this value is 06, which is the value assigned to the TCP protocol (Figure 13.15). The IP header gives us this information with the Protocol field at 0x9. 16 - Client-Side and Server-Side ScriptingAs our last stop in the IP header, we need to determine what protocol should be expected next in the packet.
Determine Ip And Header Information For A Data Packet Software Find TheThe fileContains information that is useful for computer forensics, such as client IP address, date/time of the request,The page requested, etc. Access log a file located on the web server where a history of client requests is recorded. 10 - Cyber Attack_old combined with ReconThese definitions and examples are intended to be appropriate only for an SY110 level of understanding.A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z # A (top)Absolute pathname a pathname that beings at the root directory of the file system. 2 - Windows-Unix Shell And Command Line 31 - Digital Signatures and Digital Certificates 27 - Intro to Cryptography and Steganography AES is approved byThe National Security Agency for protecting SECRET information when using a 128 bit key, and for TOP SECRET when using the longer key lengths.Alert a JavaScript function that displays its string argument as a message in a dialog window.Example: alert( "Input error!") Application Layer the top of the TCP/IP protocol stack. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) a symmetric key block cipher using 128-bit blocks and a key length of 128, 192, or 256 bits. Ad hoc A WLAN arrangement where host stations do not use a base station, but communicate directly (peer-to-peer). ![]() Example: sets the color to green. Attribute a property of an HTML element, consisting of a name=value pair specified in the start tag. Plaintext encrypted with one of the two keys can only be decrypted with the other key. Asymmetric cryptography (public key cryptography) a cryptosystem using public/private key pairs. Example: n = x*y + 7 (remember: the action goes from right to left). Example: 'a' = 97 = 01100001 assignment (JavaScript) an expression where the value of the expression on the right hand side of the assignment operator (=) gets stored in (changes) the variable on the left hand side. ![]() Block cipher an encryption algorithm that operates on fixed length groups of bits, the "block size". Block (JavaScript) one or more statements delimited by curly braces. Bit ( binary dig it) a base-2 digit, 0 or 1. ![]() At the TCP/IP protocol stack Link Layer, the broadcast address is the MAC address FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF (if expressed in binary this would be "all ones") The IPv4 TCP/IP protocol stack Transport Layer has two broadcast addresses: (1) 255.255.255.255 (if expressed in binary this would be "all ones"), and (2) the network prefix with "all ones" for the host identifier bits. Packets sent to a broadcast address are not routable, i.e., they will never leave the local network. Broadcast address the address at which all hosts on a local network will be recipients. Byte a sequence of 8 bits. BSSID (Basic Service Set ID) the MAC address of a base station, used to identify it to host stations. A base station is identified by its BSSID. BSS (Basic Service Set) a base station and the set of connected host stations, in either an ad hoc or infrastructure arrangement. Brute force attack a technique for defeating a cipher or authentication mechanism by systematically searching through all possibilities (see dictionary attack). Certificate a PKI electronic document used to bind a public key with an identity. The Caesar Cipher is subject to frequency analysis attack. The cipher text is formed by replacing each plain text letter by the letter located the shift distance away from it in the alphabet. Dr cleaner mac versionsChosen plain text attack a cryptanalysis technique where the attacker attempts to glean information about a cipher by examining cipher text that is known to include the encryption of some particular plain text. Example: "abcXYZ".charCodeAt(1) gives the value 98 because in the string "abcXYZ", the character b is at index location 1, and the ASCII code for character b is 98. CharCodeAt( i ) a JavaScript function that produces the ASCII code of the character at index location i in a string. The CA is trusted to issue a digital certificate attesting that a particular public key belongs to a particular identity (e.g., that this public key belongs to this domain name, or that this public key belongs to this email address, or that the source of this software s this company). Certificate Authority (CA) an entity in the public key infrastructure (PKI). Example: a web browser is a client application of a web server. Client an application that makes use of a service provided by a server, typically from across a network. Cipher text the result of encrypting plain text using an algorithm called a cipher. Examples: Caesar Shift, Vigenere, AES, RSA. Example: in the WINDOWS command type hw.txt, the string hw.txt var firstname = "Trudy" decryption the process of transforming encrypted information (cipher text) to make it readable (plain text). Command arguments a string that gets passed as a value to the command being executed. Command and control server A threat host that remotely directs the actions of zombie computers. Client-side script script written in an HTML document and executed by the web browser after the document has been retrieved from the web server and the DOM has been constructed. The requesting host is the client, the responding host (service/information provider) is the server. Client-server A system in which one host (computer connected to a network) requests a service (information) from another host. DHCP uses UDP and port 67 on a DHCP server, port 68 on a DCHP client.
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